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INDUSTRIAL PURE WATER APPLICATION
UPW quality guidelines
The ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) defines 4 different standard grades for pure water to be used in laboratories.
Parameter |
Grade I |
Grade II |
Grade III |
Grade IV |
Conductivity µS/cm, 25oC |
0.056 |
1 |
4 |
5 |
Resistivity, 25oC |
18.2 |
1 |
0.25 |
0.2 |
MΩ.cm |
||||
TOC (μg/L) |
50 |
50 |
200 |
N/A |
Total Silica (μg/L) |
3 |
3 |
500 |
N/A |
Sodium (μg/L) |
1 |
5 |
10 |
50 |
Chlorides (μg/L) |
1 |
5 |
10 |
50 |
pH |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
5月8日 |
Special requirements for reagent Grade Water |
Distillation or equal process followed by ion exchange and 0.2 µm filter |
Distillation or equal process followed by ion exchange |
0.45 µm filter |
|
Bacteria (CFU/mL) |
10/1000 |
10/100 |
100/10 |
|
Endotoxin (IU/mL) |
<0.03 |
0.25 |
N/A |
|
A well designed UPW system requires a strategic selection of technologies and equipment. Depending on the feed water quality and/or the user requirements, different configurations can be applied.
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